Thursday, March 30, 2023

IC 410 reprocessed using the Colorized SHO Palette processing method

When imaging using narrowband filters such as hydrogen (Ha), oxygen (OIII), and sulfur (SII) in order bring out certain more detail in nebulae, the three separate filters are combined by putting the sulfur in the red band, the hydrogen in the green band, and oxygen in the blue band hence the SHO Palette (a.k.a. the Hubble Palette).

So shortly after processing this image using the traditional SHO Palette combination I happened to watch a video by Cuiv, The Lazy Geek (AMAZING Hubble Palette technique!) where he described a new SHO processing method developed by Steven Miller of Entering Into Space. Steve's video (Colorized SHO Palette NO MORE FIGHTING THE GREEN!) is very comprehensive and definitely worth a watch as is Cuiv's. The basic premises of this method is to colorize the Hydrogen, Sulfur, and Oxygen prior to combining them. The benefit of doing this eliminates the oversaturated green tint that typically is produced when combined. Additionally I learned a lot of new PisInsight tricks such as making masks with the ACDNR noise reduction function. 

Method Summary
Data from narrowband filters is gray so it is simply combined directly into the desired channel bands. The summarized version of using this method is as follows: First do your normal linear processing on each filtered band and then change each image from gray to RGB. Second, make the images nonlinear and equalize the backgrounds - I did this using EZ Soft Stretch which automatically stretches it and equalizes the background. Third, colorize the Ha to a gold color, the OIII to a deep blue color, and the sulfur to a red-yellow color. Lastly, the images are combined using PixelMath. The color combination selection in PixInsight will not work on RGB data.

Results
My normal narrowband processing in PI consists of cropping, dynamic background extraction, BlurX, StarX, EZ Stretch. After stretching the images (making them nonlinear), each filtered image was colorized using curves and then a bit of noise reduction was done using NoiseX. Figure 1 shows the final color of sulfur, Figure 2 shows the final color of oxygen, and Figure 3 shows the final color of hydrogen. 

The three separate images were then combined in PixelMath with SII in the red channel, Ha in the green channel, and OIII in the blue channel. Figure 4 shows the result of the combination. The image looked very colorful and there was very little green, however, there was a lot of magenta. To get rid of that I did an inverse SNCR. Figure 5 shows that result which is the more traditional look. Some additional processing was done in order to make the colors more vibrant and the RGB stars from the originally processed image were blended to make the final version (Figure 6). 

Figure 7 is the original image processed the traditional way a few weeks ago. I did some additional processing that I learned from Steve's video to make a second version of my original image (Figure 8). Since I liked certain aspects of both methods I decided to do a blend and produced a final image 
(Figure 9).  

Final Thoughts
1)    There is little green in the combined image , howere there may be other over bearing colors.
2)    There was more nebulosity in the combined image and it seemed to be more vibrant.
3)    The colors may be highly subjective depending how the colorization is done.
4)    The method seems to work and hope to try it out again.

Figure 1 - Colorized Sulfur (Yellow-Red)

Figure 2 - Colorized Oxygen (Blue)

Figure 3 - Colorized Hydrogen (Gold)

Figure 4 - Combined SHO 


Figure 5 - Combined SHO after inverse SNCR

Figure 6 - Colorized SHO Palette


Figure 7 - Original Hubble Palette SHO Image

Figure 8 - Original SHO Image with Entering Into Space Enhanncements 

Figure 9 - Blended Image (Fig. 6 and Fig. 8)

IC 410 - Tadpoles (2023)
Dates: 12-29-22, 1-9-23, 16, 18, 24, 2-6, 8, 10, 11, 14, 15, 18
Camera: ZWO ASI1600MM-Pro
Telescope: Astro-Tech AT115EDT 115mm Refractor Telescope
Barlow: None
Focal Length: 805mm (644mm w/ FR)
f/7
Focal Reducer: 0.8x AstroTech Field Flatterner/Focal Reducer
Mount: Orion Sirius
Filter Wheel: ZWO
EFW 8 x 1.25"
Filter: Antlia Ha, OIII; ZWO R, G, B, SII
Focuser: ZWO EAF
Autoguiding: ASI120 Mini attached to an Agena 50mm Guide Scope/ZWO 60mm Guidescope
Exposure: Ha 101 x 300, OIII 94 x 300, SII 77 x 300, R 30 x 60, G 29 x 60, B 37 x 60
Gain: 139
Offset 20
Sensor Temp: -20 C
Processing: NINA, PixInsight, Photoshop, BlurXTerminator, StarXTerminator, NoiseXTerminator, Bill Blanshan Masks.

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Saturday, March 25, 2023

M35 & NGC 2158 (2023)

The main cluster in this image is Messier 35 or M35, also known as NGC 2168. It is a relatively close open cluster approximately 3,000 light-years away in Gemini. It contains many bright blue stars like many other open clusters which indicate that it is relatively young at 175 million years. My only other image of this wonderful cluster was an uninspiring image from January of 2016 (https://astroquest1.smugmug.com/Messier-Objects/i-T7XcKk4/A). I only imaged it this time because I was waiting for my planned target to get above the trees - I am really glad I did. I don't know why I have been skipping these gorgeous objects, possibly because when I did it seven years ago it was plain looking.

I did not center this on M35 because I wanted to capture NGC 2158 located directly southwest in the lower right side of the image. NGC 2158 is also an open cluster, only much tighter. In addition it is much further at 11,000 light-years away and much older at two billion years.

It was such a pleasure to process something like this rather than a nebula or galaxy. These types of objects have another benefit in that they do not need super long exposure times and can be imaged with a little moonlight although this was done when it was moonless.


M35 & NGC 2158 (2023)
Dates: 3-19-23, 3-20
Camera: ZWO ASI294MC-Pro
Telescope: Celestron EdgeHD 800
Barlow: None
Focal Length: 2032mm (native), 1400mm
F/10 (native), F/7
Focal Reducer: Celestron 0.7 Reducer Lens
Mount: Orion Atlas Pro
Filter Adaptor: ZWO Filter Drawer
Filter: Optolong Luminosity
Focuser: ZWO EAF
Autoguiding: ASI120 Mini attached to an Orion ST80
Exposure: Lum 153 x 90
Gain: 139
Offset 0
Temp: -10 C
Processing: Asiair app, PixInsight, Photoshop, BlurXT, NoiseXT

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Wednesday, March 15, 2023

Sh2-261 - Lower's Nebula (2023)

This colorful object image is a portion of Lower's Nebula or SH2-261. The nebula is a hydrogen alpha (Ha) region about 3,200 light-years away in Orion, specifically where the hand meets the club. It is named after amateur astronomer Harold Lower and his son Charles who discovered this nebula in 1939 in their home of San Diego. The nebula is located on the outermost edge of the Milky way galaxy, on the border of the galactic region between the Orion and Perseus arm.

There was no pre-planning on this object as I quickly was looking for something available to image in my FOV with the Edge800 in preparation for galaxy season. The weather has not been kind lately and for whatever reason the data had heavy gradients possibly due to weather, imaging with the moon, old flats, or all three. I did not make a fresh set of flats and using the ZWO ASI294 MC with dual band filters which isolate hydrogen is problematic anyway - the SONY IMX294CJK has some type of film on it that shows up when using Ha filters. It is usually subtracted out by the flats but the flats have to be really good.

Since I did not get the whole nebula because it is very large anyway, I cropped it around one of my favorite parts, the lower portion, and got rid of some of the gradients in the process. The lower portion where the gas seems to be concentrated most and it has the sharpest detail. I was happy the stars came out OK especially since SCTs are more fussy than refractors (some people would find these stars unacceptable). Of course when I actually get around to imaging galaxies a new set of flats will be made.


Sh2-261 - Lower's Nebula (2023)
Dates: 2-15-23, 2-18, 2-24, 2-26, 3-8
Camera: ZWO ASI294MC-Pro
Telescope: Celestron EdgeHD 800
Barlow: None
Focal Length: 2032mm (native), 1400mm
F/10 (native), F/7
Focal Reducer: Celestron 0.7 Reducer Lens
Mount: Orion Atlas Pro
Filter Adaptor: ZWO Filter Drawer
Filter: IDAS NBZ
Focuser: ZWO EAF
Autoguiding: ASI120 Mini attached to an Orion ST80
Exposure: IDAS NBZ 273 x 180
Gain: 139
Offset 0
Temp: -10 C
Processing: Asiair app, PixInsight, Photoshop, StarXTerminator, BlurXT, NoiseXT, GHS, Bill's Star Reduction, Bill's Color Masks.

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