Barnard 35 (LBN 878 & 879)

Barnard 35 (B35) is a molecular cloud that is within the Lambda Orionis Ring (a.k.a Sh2-264) a huge molecular cloud and also a hydrogen alpha region located northwest of Betelgeuse in the Orion constellation. One of my favorite parts is LBN 878, the bright rim portion on the top where violent cosmic winds are blowing hydrogen (Ha) gas around. Herbig–Haro (HH) 175 is found in the bottom center of the rim (HH objects are associated with newborn stars). The bright yellow-brown reflection nebula known as GN 05.42.6 surrounds the young star FU Orionis. This lower brown region is known as LBN 879 or Ced 59. Distance to Barnard 35 assuming it is part of the Orion Molecular Cloud Complex is 1000 to 1400 light-years. The bottom right also has an interesting reflection portion rimmed in dense hydrogen gas (Ha).

I started imaged this in January imaging whenever it was clear and finished early March. I was originally more interested in an LRGB image with a bit of Ha but it only seemed to clear when the moon was out so I captured a lot of Ha and am glad I did. The most difficult part of processing was deciding what to bring out. From what I have seen, wide field images of this region accent the Ha whereas localized images focus on the reflection nebula. Although I was able to bring out a good deal of the reflection, my skies are not good enough facing the south to do reflection nebula justice - besides the Ha came out much better than I was expecting. I blended with the Ha and the LRGB until I wound up getting something I was happy with.

Hi Res: https://www.astrobin.com/vjujra/?nc=collection&nce=712

Dates: 1-14-24, 1-16, 1-17, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4, 2-5, 2-6, 2-7, 2-13, 2-14, 2-24, 2-25, 2-29, 3-3

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Barnard 35 (LBN 878 & 879)

Dates: 1-14-24, 1-16, 1-17, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4, 2-5, 2-6, 2-7, 2-13, 2-14, 2-24, 2-25, 2-29, 3-3
Camera: ZWO ASI1600MM-Pro
Telescope: Astro-Tech AT115EDT 115mm Refractor Telescope
Barlow: None
Focal Length: 805mm (644mm w/ FR)
f/7
Focal Reducer: 0.8x AstroTech Field Flatterner/Focal Reducer
Mount: Orion Sirius
Filter Wheel: ZWO
EFW 8 x 1.25"
Filter: Antlia Ha; ZWO L, R, G, B
Focuser: ZWO EAF
Autoguiding: ASI120 Mini attached to an Agena 50mm Guide Scope/ZWO 60mm Guidescope
Exposure: L 232 x 90, Ha 221 x 300, R 84 x 90, G 88 x 90, B 55 x 93 (Total 30h 50' 30")
Gain: 139
Offset 20
Sensor Temp: -20 C
Processing: NINA, PixInsight, Photoshop, BlurXTerminator, StarXTerminator, NoiseXTerminator, GraXpert, Bill Blanshan Color Masks, Bill Blanshan Stretching, Topaz Denoise.

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Eclipse 2024

Progression of the April 8, 2024 Eclipse from Dallas, Texas. After a cloudy morning and not so good weather report (thunderstorms later), the skies cleared a bit for the show! If you are wondering why I did not take a totality image, well there are so many other people doing that, no need, haha 😃. In reality, I should have done a meridian flip a couple of minutes prior to totality like I PLANNED. However, it was tracking so well I did not want to mess with it and figured it would track for a bit longer. It was completely my fault - the AM3 worked perfectly. I highly recommend this mount as it is super compact and not much bigger than a star tracker. The mount and tripod easily fits in carry-on luggage.

I did not try to hurry up to flip the mount and recenter because honestly observing the eclipse is so much more of a reward and I did not want to miss it. Besides, there are many excellent images of totality already and one more will not be missed. If you have never witnessed a total solar eclipse from totality, it is worth doing.

Eclipse 2024
Date: 4-8-24
Camera: Canon EOS Rebel T3i/600D modified
Telescope: Orion ST80
Barlow: None
Focal Length: 400mm
F/5
Focal Reducer: None,
Mount: ZWO AM3
Filter Adaptor: None
Filter(s): Astronomik OWB, SvBONY UV-IR
Focuser: None
Autoguiding: None
Exposure: white light 1/800s
ISO: 200
Offset 0
Temp: 24
Processing: PixInsight, Photoshop, BlurXT

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Eclipse Test & Playing with the Quark

I did a quick setup test with my camera (Canon EOS Rebel T3i) attached to the Orion ST80 400mm telescope mounted on the ZWO AM3. While focused on the sun I attached the Quark Solar Filter and observed some flare activity. I attempted to attach the camera to the Quark which was quite interesting. The T-adapter for the camera was a threaded 48mm and the 1.25 inch (31mm) step down adapters I had were 42mm. Fortunately when you purchase astro cameras they give you a bunch of extra threads and spacers so I was fumbling through camera boxes when I found a 42mm to 48mm threaded adapter that I could use. By the time I got the camera attached the sun was in the trees which is why the surface looks goofy. 

I have used and will use this Quark more at some point. In fact I already have a dedicated camera for it (ASI178) but I have too many other things going on right now. These images are the best I could do with 10 minutes of processing. The first image is with the traditional solar filter and the second image, with the flares, is with the Quark.

Sun with Daystar Solar Filter (ND 5 Solar film)

Sun with Daystar Quark

Eclipse Test & Playing with the Quark
Date: 3-24-24
Camera: Canon EOS Rebel T3i/600D modified
Telescope: Orion ST80
Barlow: None, Quark - 4.2x 
Focal Length: 400mm 
F/5
Focal Reducer: None, 
Mount: ZWO AM3
Filter Adaptor: None
Filter(s): Astronomik OWB, SvBONY UV-IR
Focuser: None
Autoguiding: None
Exposure: white light 1/800s, 1/2s 
ISO: 200
Offset 0
Temp: 15
Processing: PixInsight, Photoshop, BlurXT, NoiseXT

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Trapezium Cluster (OAG Test2)

The Trapezium Cluster is a cluster of stars located in the center of the Orion Nebula approximately 1600 light-years away. The stars of the cluster formed out of the gas and dust of the nebula. The four brightest stars in this image are within 1.5 LY of each other and are designated as A, B, C, D.

I captured this image while I was trying to use the autoguider so it was only a 4-minute total exposure image (51 x 5s). The guide camera was unable to pick up any stars so it is unguided - more about that in a minute. I did not do much processing on this especially since the goal was to check the autoguider and not do any imaging but I did capture Trapezium. 

After using the moon to set the focus of my new Askar Off Axis Guider (OAG) for the Edge800 setup, I slewed the telescope to M43 to see if it would actually guide using the ZWO ASI120 guidescope. Not surprisingly there were no stars - there was a dim smudge that may have been one. I slewed the telescope to the home position and was able to see stars and guide. I then went to the Pleiades and again was able to guide. Although I was able to guide, a new guide camera was definitely necessary. As mentioned in a previous post I went with the ZWO ASI220 because of its greater sensitivity and larger sensor size. It is on backorder so I still have time to switch to the ASI174 which has the largest sensor and largest price.

ASI120 mini
Sensor: 1/3″ CMOS AR0130CS
Size: 4.8×3.6mm
Diagonal: 6.0mm
Resolution: 1280×960
Pixel Size: 3.75µm
QE: 80%

ASI220 mini
Sensor: 1/1.8″ CMOS SC2210_BW
Size: 7.68×4.32mm
Diagonal: 8.81mm
Resolution: 1920×1080
Pixel Size: 4µm
QE: 92%

ASI174 mini
Sensor: 1/1.2″ CMOS IMX174LLJ
Size: 11.3×7.1mm
Diagonal: 13.4mm
Resolution: 1936×1216
Pixel Size: 5.86µm
QE: 77%

Trapezium Cluster (OAG Test2) 

Date: 3-19-24
Camera: ZWO ASI294MC-Pro
Telescope: Celestron EdgeHD 800
Barlow: None
Focal Length: 2032mm (native), 1400mm
F/10 (native), F/7
Focal Reducer: Celestron 0.7 Reducer Lens
Mount: Orion Atlas Pro
Filter Adaptor: ZWO Filter Drawer
Filter: Camera UV-IR
Focuser: ZWO EAF
Autoguiding: ZWO ASI120 & Askar OAG
Exposure: UV-IR 51 x 5s
Gain: 0
Offset 0
Temp: -20 C
Processing: Asiair app, PixInsight, Photoshop, BlurXT, NoiseXT, Bill's Color Masks, Bill's Stretching.

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Spring Moon (OAG Test1?)

I was using the moon to set the focus of my new Askar Off Axis Guider (OAG) for the Edge800 setup. I was happy with the Orion ST 80 system I was using, however, I wanted to use it for other things such as the 2024 Eclipse so decided to get an OAG. It was a success as I set focus of the ZWO ASI120 guide camera to the main camera focus. Before I go any further, this guide camera will not work well or at all with the OAG and have a better matched camera on order - the ASI220. Although it did not detect any stars while on M43, I did manage to guide on some other targets but more about that in another post.

After three years I finally imaged the moon with this telescope. While doing the test I decided to play here for a bit with the ASIAIR. Typically when doing high resolution work on the moon it is best to make a short video and then stack it to make the image. While I did find and use the video function on the ASIAIR, the videos I thought I made were not saved - Oh Well! When all else fails, read the directions.

I did manage to collect some test images. This particular image was a 500us (0.500ms), Gain 0, shot taken with the ASI294MC Pro and about 15 minutes of processing.

Spring Moon (OAG Test1?) 
Date: 3-19-24
Camera: ZWO ASI294MC-Pro
Telescope: Celestron EdgeHD 800
Barlow: None
Focal Length: 2032mm (native), 1400mm
F/10 (native), F/7
Focal Reducer: Celestron 0.7 Reducer Lens
Mount: Orion Atlas Pro
Filter Adaptor: ZWO Filter Drawer
Filter: Camera UV-IR
Focuser: ZWO EAF
Autoguiding: ZWO ASI120 & Askar OAG
Exposure: UV-IR 1 x 500ux
Gain: 0
Offset 0
Temp: -20 C
Processing: Asiair app, PixInsight, Photoshop, BlurXT, NoiseXT, Bill's Stretching

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SH2-230 & Friends (IC410, IC405, IC417, NGC1931)

SH2-230 is located in Auriga is very rich in gas and dust. It is very large and includes a number of other objects. These include IC405, IC410, IC417, and NGC 1931.  SH2-232 is reported to be part of this object but is out of the frame to the Northwest. IC405 (a.k.a. the Flaming Star Nebula - SH2-229) is a very large emission nebula located approximately 1500 light-years away. There is a blue reflection nebula that resembles smoke located in the central portion. It gets its name because the rippling ribbon-like structure of the gas almost looks like burning flames.

The next headliner in this field is the large emission nebula IC410 (SH2-236). This nebula has more oxygen than IC405 giving it its bluish color in the central portion. It is also much further at an estimated distance of 10,000 LY. The ionizing source of this nebula is a 4 million year old cluster of stars, NGC 1893, whose stellar winds have sculpted two tadpole-like structures 10 LY long.

The other highlights include IC417 (SH2-234) - Spider Nebula and NGC 1931 (SH2-237) - Fly Nebula. I am not quite sure if I see a spider or a fly but nevertheless, they are gorgeous. The IC417 contains an open cluster consisting of hot young stars and is about 100 LY across and 10,000 LY away and NGC 1931 is both an emission and reflection nebula but only about 10 LY across.

This may be my first image that was completely from this year as I began on January 16. The plan was to collect a whole bunch of data which I did but I had to ditch almost a third of it as some of the nights I collected on were questionable, i.e. transparency was below average. Otherwise it was smooth sailing. Processing went well but I did make a couple of blue masks from the RGB data in order to enhance the reflection in the Flame which was obscured by the Hydrogen (This idea came from Christoph Lichtblau @christoph, link to his image of the Flame https://www.astrobin.com/h6db6d/). I did a lot of tweaking with the star sizes in order to show them off but not have them overpower the nebulae - still not sure I am happy but satisfied. One of the benefits of collecting a lot of data is the background noise decreases which makes processing much easier.

Dates: 1-16-24, 1-17, 2-3, 2-4, 2-6, 2-7, 2-13, 2-14, 2-25, 2-29, 3-3

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SH2-230 & Friends (IC410, IC405, IC417, NGC1931) 

Dates: 1-16-24, 1-17, 2-3, 2-4, 2-6, 2-7, 2-13, 2-14, 2-25, 2-29, 3-3
Camera: ZWO ASI2600MC Pro
Telescope: Askar FRA300 Pro
Barlow: None
Focal Length: 300mm
F/5
Focal Reducer: None
Mount: Orion Atlas Pro
Filter Adaptor: ZWO Filter Drawer
Filter: IDAS NBZ, Camera UV-IR
Focuser: ZWO EAF
Autoguiding: ASI120 Mini attached to a ZWO Mini guidescope
Exposure: UV-IR 58 x 90, NBZ 236 x 300
Gain: 100
Offset 0
Temp: -20 C
Processing: Asiair app, PixInsight, Photoshop, BlurXT, NoiseXT, StarX, Bill's Color Masks, Bill's Star Reduction, Bill's Stretching, Topaz Denoise, GraXpert

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Messier 38 & NGC 1907 plus Nebulosity

Messier 38 (M38) also known as NGC 1912 or Starfish Cluster is an open cluster located approximately 3800 light-years away in the constellation Auriga. The cluster contains some 100 stars, mainly bright blue stars but some orange-yellow giants as well. It is estimated to be 220 million years old and is about 25 LY across. Just to the lower left of M38 is a smaller star cluster around 5000 LY away, NGC 1907, which by coincidence seems to be passing by M38.

The really cool thing that makes this Double Cluster doppelganger is all of the hydrogen gas (Ha) in the region which I wanted to highlight. Most of the hydrogen is very faint and requires lots of exposure except the dense region on the lower portion of my image. I really like how the structure of the Ha gas came out, especially since my original image of this from several years ago only showed it as an undefined red blob. Another added bonus is the suspected Planetary Nebula, PK 172+00.1. It is the small bright red donut shaped object located in the upper right portion of M38.

Processing went pretty well with all the tools we have available but one thing I might have done differently was to capture more RGB data and not capture the luminosity since I wanted to showcase the nebulosity in addition to the cluster.  I did use the Luminosity since I did capture it and it reduced the background noise but at a reduced blending mode in PI.

Dates: 12-20-23, 12-21, 1-1-24, 1-2, 1-4, 1-5

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Messier 38 & NGC 1907 plus Nebulosity
Dates: 12-20-23, 12-21, 1-1-24, 1-2, 1-4, 1-5 
Camera: ZWO ASI1600MM-Pro
Telescope: Astro-Tech AT115EDT 115mm Refractor Telescope
Barlow: None
Focal Length: 805mm (644mm w/ FR)
f/7
Focal Reducer: 0.8x AstroTech Field Flatterner/Focal Reducer
Mount: Orion Sirius
Filter Wheel: ZWO
EFW 8 x 1.25"
Filter: Antlia Ha; ZWO L, R, G, B
Focuser: ZWO EAF
Autoguiding: ASI120 Mini attached to an Agena 50mm Guide Scope/ZWO 60mm Guidescope
Exposure: L 129 x 60, Ha 49 x 300, R 52 x 90, G 46 x 90, B 55 x 90 (Total 10h 3' 30")  
Gain: 139
Offset 20
Sensor Temp: -20 C
Processing: NINA, PixInsight, Photoshop, BlurXTerminator, StarXTerminator, NoiseXTerminator, GraXpert, Bill Blanshan Color Masks, Bill Blanshan Stretching, Topaz Denoise.

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